Abstract: The effect of structural loading on ballistic damage in carbon/epoxy composites was investigated. Flat panel specimens clamped in a four-point bending rig were shot using 12.7-mm and 20-mm projectiles. The structural loads corresponding to 0, 25%, 50%, and 65% ultimate strength of the specimens were applied. The damage was inspected visually and using ultrasonic C-scan techniques. The specimens were finally loaded to failure to measure their residual stiffness and strength. The test results showed that a low structural load (corresponding to 25% ultimate strength) did not affect the resultant ballistic damage nor the residual stiffness, compared with those of unloaded specimens. Significant increase of damage occurred when higher structural loading was applied. The test results also showed that more damage occurred when ballistic impact was combined with structural loading, than that when they were separately applied. Around 10% residual stiffness reduction was observed for those specimens shot with a structural load close to 65% of ultimate strength. At a structural load close to 65% ultimate strength, around 10% initial stiffness reduction was observed. However, for all cases investigated, structural loading did not significantly affect the residual strength.