Abstract: In light of the increasing terrorist surface-to-air missile (SAM) threat to civil and military aircraft, there is a continuing need for a high-fidelity, low-cost, PC-based, infrared (IR) signature scene modelling and simulation capability which could be used for development, testing, and evaluation of IR systems. An IR signature simulator has been developed utilizing the MATLAB Virtual Reality Toolbox software with the ability to adapt to rapidly changing tactical environments. It can model the IR signature of military targets in a 3D environment with special effects.